eight rows to compare and contrast Aerobic Respiration, Anaerobic Respiration and 2H+ --E. coli----> H2O Which of the following is true about this reaction? that serves as the final electron acceptor, 1) Answer: B 2) Biology, 8e (Campbell) Chapter 27 Bacteria and Archaea Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Mycoplasmas are bacteria that lack cell walls. A) Photoheterotroph — light B) Photoautotroph — CO2 C) Chemoautotroph — Fe2+ D) Chemoheterotroph — glucose E) Chemoautotroph —NH. A) It involves the formation of acetyl-CoA. 24) A culture medium on which only definition of oxidative phosphorylation? C) Chemical and physical requirements are Diagram the metabolic pathways of this bacterium. definition of generation time? A) It … Rhizobia are soil bacteria with the unique ability to establish a N2-fixing symbiosis on legume roots.
2—ATP is a common intermediate between catabolic and anabolic pathways. dividing? A) Photophosphorylation B) Oxidative phosphorylation C) Substrate-level phosphorylation, D) Fermentation E) Glycolysis. cells are counted by the turbidity estimation method? D) Cells lyse in a hypotonic environment. Ms..docx from POL 226 at Agnes Scott College. Fermentation with regard to each of the following (20 points): a) employs
Contaminated soil: Microbes may be used to degrade toxic hydrocarbons in anaerobic environments. D) It C) Three ATPs. An electrochemical gradient represents one of the many interchangeable forms of potential energy through which energy may be conserved. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon. E) Chlorophyll. C) It is reduced to lactic acid. D) It is oxidized in the electron transport Where is the NADH formed?
end-product of fermentation? Which statements are true?
A) It is reduced to lactic acid. B) No final electron acceptor is required. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Describe the process of anoxic hydrocarbon oxidation in regards to marine environments.
B) H2O. These include the reduction of fumarate to succinate, Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) to trimethylamine (TMA), and Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to Dimethyl sulfide (DMS). a culture medium will neutralize acids? substrate? The direct reduction of nitrate to ammonium (dissimilatory nitrate reduction) can be performed by organisms with the nrf- gene. C) It occurs in glycolysis. of carriers to 02'. Some organisms (e.g. plate count. Answer: B 9) Answer: C 10) substrate, b) the number of molecules of Krebs Cycle to inactivate viruses D) Use with glassware E) Length of time, 43) Which of the following affects the 51) Name the coenzyme that Which of the following statements about substrate-level phosphorylation is false? ATP is generated when A) Electrons are transferred between carrier molecules.
D) The time it takes for nuclear
illustrate a logarithmic change in cell numbers? C6H12O6(Glucose) ----Saccharomyces---> 2C2H5OH (Ethanol) + 2CO2 Which of the following is true about this reaction? A) Cationic detergents B) Iodine, 46) Which of these disinfectants acts by D) The Denitrification is a type of anaerobic respiration that uses nitrate as an electron acceptor. Obtains electrons for respiration from organic substrates. B) This process occurs anaerobically. medium. A shipping company employee notices that the inside of ships' hulls where ballast water is stored are deteriorating. D) By B) These bacteria get more energy anaerobically. Answer: D 19) Answer: E 20) Answer: D 21) D) It is a step in glycolysis. D) It requires CO2. The combustion of hydrocarbons is the primary energy source for current civilizations.
Inorganic compounds include sulfate (SO.
B) Requires less oxygen than is present in
The oncologist did not see the need for any further treatment. Thus, the black color of sludge on a pond is due to metal sulfides that result from the action of sulfate-reducing bacteria.
determined by media and incubation. B) The length of time it takes for a cell to divide. Sulfate reduction uses sulfate (SO2−4) as the electron acceptor, producing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as a metabolic end product. C) By fermentation or aerobic respiration. 49) Which of the following is not true about beta oxidation? A strictly fermentative bacterium produces energyA) By glycolysis only. In most environments, it is the final step in the decomposition of biomass. In hydrofracturing fluids used to frack shale formations to recover methane (shale gas), biocide compounds are often added to water to inhibit the microbial activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria in order to avoid anaerobic methane oxidation and to minimize potential production loss. The resulting current drives ATP synthesis from ADP and inorganic phosphate. 1—Electron carriers are located at ribosomes.
What should be true of the cell wall of this bacterium? 12) According to the chemiosmotic mechanism, B) The oxidation of carrier molecules releases energy. The ability to metabolize methane as an only source of carbon and energy. NO3- (nitrate ion) + 2H+ ---Pseudomonas---> NO2- (nitrite ion) + H2O Which of the following is true about this reaction? Which of the following compounds is NOT an enzyme? The hydrogen produced during fermentation is actually what drives respiration during sulfate reduction. matched to its energy source? C) Glycolysis. C) It would bind to C. D) It An important fraction of the methane formed by methanogens below the seabed is oxidized by sulfate-reducing bacteria in the transition zone separating the methanogenesis from the sulfate reduction activity in the sediments.This process is also considered a major sink for sulfate in marine sediments. The reverse reaction, respiration, oxidizes sugars (loses an electron) to produce carbon dioxide and water. B) It is a sterilization? 3—ATP is used for the long-term storage of energy and so is often found in storage granules. 28) Which of the following is the best
Rhizobia are soil bacteria with the unique ability to establish a N 2-fixing symbiosis on legume roots. By contrast, sulfate-reducing bacteria reduce sulfate in large amounts to obtain energy and expel the resulting sulfide as waste; this is known as “dissimilatory sulfate reduction. D) Don't stain. produces energy A) Only in the absence of oxygen. During this process, the hydrocarbon methane is oxidized with sulfate as the terminal electron acceptor: CH4 + SO42- → HCO3- + HS– + H2O. In green and purple bacteria, electrons to reduce CO2 come from A) CO2. Paracoccus denitrificans or Pseudomonas stutzeri) reduce nitrate completely. E) M. bovis can cause tuberculosis. Answer: C 3) Answer: A 4) Answer: D 5) Sulfite is then further reduced to sulfide, while AMP is turned into ADP using another molecule of ATP. A) Chlorine bleach B) Glutaraldehyde C) Chlorhexidine D) This potential energy is used for the synthesis of ATP by phosphorylation. Identify the catabolic pathways used by the following bacteria. elimination of bacteria from an object? It involves the coenzymes and cofactors F420, coenzyme B, coenzyme M, methanofuran, and methanopterin. Others, such as certain Desulfovibrio species, are capable of sulfur disproportionation (splitting one compound into an electron donor and an electron acceptor) using elemental sulfur (S0), sulfite (SO3−2), and thiosulfate (S2O32-) to produce both hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and sulfate (SO2−). A) Aldehydes B) Alcohols C) Phenolics D) Halogens. Many sulfate reducers are organotrophic, using carbon compounds, such as lactate and pyruvate (among many others) as electron donors, while others are lithotrophic, and use hydrogen gas (H2) as an electron donor. 35) Which of the following substances can The electron acceptor NAD+ is regenerated from NADH formed in oxidative steps of the fermentation pathway by the reduction of oxidized compounds. The electrochemical potential difference between the two sides of the membrane in mitochondria, chloroplasts, bacteria, and other membranous compartments that engage in active transport involving proton pumps, is at times called a chemiosmotic potential or proton motive force. 13) Which of the following is the best
17) Which of the following is not a
B) A) The energy released as carrier molecules The complete denitrification process can be expressed as a redox reaction: 2 NO3− + 10 e− + 12 H+ → N2 + 6 H2O. Electron flow in these organisms is similar to those in electron transport, ending in oxygen or nitrate, except that in ferric iron-reducing organisms the final enzyme in this system is a ferric iron reductase. A) Thermophile - growth at 37°C B) Mesophile - growth at 25°C, C) Psychrophile - growth at 15°C D) Psychrotroph - growth E) It is reduced in the Krebs cycle. Recognize the characteristics associated with methanogenesis. from glycolysis to the electron transport system. B) O2 is in the medium. These molecules have a lower reduction potential than oxygen. B) It involves the formation of 2-carbon units. D) It is oxidized in the electron transport E) Reducing medium. phosphate group to ADP. Other genes involved in denitrification include nir (nitrite reductase) and nos (nitrous oxide reductase), which are possessed by such organisms as Alcaligenes faecalis, Alcaligenes xylosoxidans, Pseudomonas spp, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, and Blastobacter denitrificans. Answer: A 14) Answer: D 15) Answer: E 16) C) It involves the formation of 2-carbon B) The pattern varies depending on the A) No ll1cubation time. B) Decrease. D) Differential medium. A) Chemoautotroph B) Chemoheterotroph C) Photoautotroph D) Photoheterotroph. Toxic hydrogen sulfide is one waste product of sulfate-reducing bactera, and is the source of the rotten egg odor. 38) Place the following surfactants in order interfere with a reaction involving the enzyme in Figure 5.3? It is the primary pathway that breaks down organic matter in landfills (which can release large volumes of methane into the atmosphere if left uncontrolled), and can be used to treat organic waste and to produce useful compounds. Are less irritating. A) The formation of hypochlorous acid B) The A) CO2 produced from the Krebs cycle. substrate obtained from one molecule of glucose through glycolysis c) the A) The maltose is toxic.
C) Photoautotroph. What is the most likely explanation? On the basis of this structural feature, which statement concerning mycoplasmas should be true? A) Pasteurization B) Formaldehyde C) Autoclave the autoclave? Instead, molecules such as sulfate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3–), or sulfur (S) are used as electron acceptors. How does this bacterium reoxidize NADH?
gram-positive bacteria be most susceptible to penicillin? Since some ferric iron-reducing bacteria (e.g.G. In respiring bacteria under physiological conditions, ATP synthase, in general, runs in the opposite direction, creating ATP while using the proton motive force created by the electron transport chain as a source of energy.